Based on the ideas presented in the preceding text, as well as on its linguistic aspects, judge the following items.

In "issue characteristics" (second sentence of the first paragraph), the word "issue" can be correctly replaced with key without altering the meaning of this expression.

Considering the ideas and linguistic aspects of the previous text, judge the following items.

The word "gaps", as used in the second paragraph, refers to shortcomings or failures in the implementation of international human rights standards.

About the preceding text, judge the following items.

With "has come into its own" (third sentence of the second paragraph), the author means that Qatar is struggling to keep its role as a diplomatic broker after becoming a major investor in the resolution of conflicts.

About the previous text, judge the items bellow.

With the expression "Adding insult to injury" (fourth sentence of the second paragraph), the author suggests that Carter took the first translator’s mistakes as a case of injury.

Considering the preceding text, judge the following items.

In the third sentence of the first paragraph, the fragment "Little did he realise" emphasizes the fact that Aristotle had no idea of the consequences of his definition of "man".

Based on the previous text, judge the following item.

In the sentence ‘We kept looking at the Band-aid: put the women in office, let’s have affirmative action’ (first sentence of the last paragraph), the verbs ‘put’ and “let’s have” express recommendations or suggestions previously made.

In relation to the previous text, judge the item that follow.

In the second paragraph, the expressions “stand up to scrutiny” (first sentence) and “bear up to examination” (last sentence) have similar meanings and may correctly be used interchangeably in the text.

According to the preceding text, judge the following item.

In the second sentence of the first paragraph, the expression “willy-nilly” indicates that civilizations easily generate more complex communities.

Judge whether the following item about text I is right (C) or wrong (E).

In the expressions “unalloyed triumph” (first sentence of the text) and “sheer silliness” (first sentence of the second paragraph), the adjectives “unalloyed” and “sheer” convey similar meanings.

Judge whether the following item about text I is right (C) or wrong (E).

 

Considering text II, judge whether the following statement is right (C) or wrong (E).

As used in the third sentence of the first paragraph, the expression “most exacting class of critics” refers to critics who worry too much about being correct.

Based on text II, judge whether the following statement is right (C) or wrong (E).

It can be correctly concluded from the excerpt “Praise is so much duller than criticism” (ninth sentence of the first paragraph) that the author wishes to write a book criticizing what he considers “monstrosities”.

Based on text II, judge whether the following statement is right (C) or wrong (E).

In “for them the familiar appearance” (third sentence of second paragraph), “them” refers to the people the book is meant for: “those who look for bearings in a new field”.

Regarding text III, judge whether the following statement is right (C) or wrong (E). 

The fragment “even at the expense of sheer quality” (last sentence of the second paragraph) could be, without harming the coherence of the text, replaced with even if this entails the choice of less qualified applicants.

Regarding text III, judge whether the following statement is right (C) or wrong (E). 

The excerpt “It licenses a kind of international spoils system” could be, without altering the meaning of the sentence, replaced with It spoils the international system.

Considering the grammatical and semantic aspects of text IV, judge whether the following statement is right (C) or wrong (E).

In the first sentence of the text, the verb “making” is being used with the sense of writing.

As far as comprehension of the text above is concerned, mark the statementsbelow as right (C) or wrong (E).

Americans’ historical attachment to democratic values have prevented them from accepting the notion of an aristocracy, even if it has a democratic appearance.

As far as comprehension of the text above is concerned, mark the statementsbelow as right (C) or wrong (E).

“Hubris” (line 4) means “unwillingness or incapacity to adapt or adjust”.

As far as comprehension of the text above is concerned, mark the statementsbelow as right (C) or wrong (E).

“Wreckage” (line 7) is synonymous with “speed”.

As far as comprehension of the text above is concerned, mark the statementsbelow as right (C) or wrong (E).

“Twilight” (line 7) can be correctly replaced with “a period of decline.”